9 Theories of Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a syndrome with a description of the causes of variation (many not yet known) and the course of the disease (not necessarily chronic or deteriorating) wide, and some of the consequences that depend on consideration of the influence of genetic, physical and social culture.


Theories of Causes of Schizophrenia


Schizophrenia is a syndrome with a description of the causes of variation (many not yet known) and the course of the disease (not necessarily chronic or deteriorating) wide, and some of the consequences that depend on consideration of the influence of genetic, physical and social culture.


Causes of Schizophrenia


1. Descent


It has been proven by research that the morbidity for the half-brother from 0.9 to 1.8%, 7-15% for siblings, for children with one parent who suffered from Schizophrenia 40-68%, 2-15% twins and 2 eggs one egg twins 61-86% (Maramis, 1998; 215).


2. Endocrine


This theory often put forward in connection with the onset of schizophrenia at the time of puberty, pregnancy or puerperium time and time klimakterium., But this theory can not be proven.


3. Metabolism


This theory is based because of Schizophrenia patients appear pale, unhealthy, somewhat tip extremitas cyanosis, decreased appetite and weight loss as well as in patients with catatonic stupor decreased oxygen consumption. This hypothesis is still in evidence with the hallucinogenic drug delivery.


4. Central nervous system


Causes of Schizophrenia directed at the CNS abnormalities in diensefalon or cortex of the brain, but the pathological abnormalities found may be due to postmortem changes or an artifact at the time to make preparations.


5. Theory of Adolf Meyer

Schizophrenia is not caused by physical illness because until now did not match the pathological anatomical or physiological abnormalities characteristic of the CNS but Meyer acknowledged that a constitution of an inferior or physical illness can affect the onset of Schizophrenia. According to Meyer Schizophrenia is a wrong reaction, a maladaptasi, causing disorganization of personality and over time people are distancing themselves from reality (otisme).


6. Sigmund Freud’s theory

Schizophrenia are (1) ego weakness, which may arise due to somatic or psychogenic causes (2) be set aside so as not powerful superego and the id of the ruling again and there was a regression to a phase of narcissism and (3) lose the capacity to transfer (transference) that psychoanalytic therapy is not possible.


7. Eugen Bleuler

Schizophrenia term use of highlighting the main symptoms of this disease is the divided soul, the existence of cracks or disharmony between the process of thinking, feeling and action. Schizophrenia symptoms Bleuler divided into 2 groups: primary symptoms (impaired thought processes, emotional disturbances, impaired volition and otisme) secondary symptoms (delusions, hallucinations and catatonic symptoms or other psychomotor disturbances).


8. Another theory

Schizophrenia as a syndrome that can be caused by various reasons such as heredity, education is wrong, maladaptasi, mental stress, physical illnesses such as brain Lues, atherosclerosis and other diseases of the brain are unknown.


9. Summary

Hitherto unknown underlying cause of Schizophrenia. It could be argued that hereditary factors have an influence. Factors that speed, which makes manifest or precipitating factors (presipitating factors) such as physical illness or psychological stress, usually does not cause schizophrenia, although its effect on Schizophrenia is a disease that already exist can not be denied. (Maramis, 1998; 218).