10. Fluid volume deficit r/t dehydrating effects of caffeine associated with increased student sightings at coffee bars.
9. Impaired social interactions r/t inappropriate topics of conversation associated with incessant discussions of bowel and bladder functions.
8. Sexual dysfunction r/t time constraints and stress-induced impotence associated with increased irritability of nursing students and their significant others.
7. Functional constipation r/t lack of time to go to the bathroom associated with moving at the speed of light and still not getting everything done.
6. Impaired skin integrity r/t increased intake of fat, chocolate, and alcohol associated with return to adolescent facial breakouts.
5. Anticipatory grieving r/t impending midterms and final exams associated with crying fits in October, December, March, and May.
4. Maturational enuresis r/t trauma-induced regression to childhood associated with frequent changing of linens.
3. Ineffective individual coping: obsessivecompulsive behaviors r/t high demand of nursing school associated with continual checking and rechecking of calendars, date books, course syllabi, and other nursing students to reassure that one is not forgetting assignments.
2. Altered thought processes: caffeine-induced psychosis r/t increased coffee consumption.
1. Self-care deficit r/t being a nursing student.
Carolyn Highley, BSN, RN, former editor's assistant, Nursing Diagnosis
Source : http://blog-nursingcareplan.blogspot.com/2011/06/top-10-nanda-diagnoses-for-nursing.html
Thursday, February 20, 2020
Nursing Care Plan for Tonsillitis - Diagnosis and Intervention
Nursing Assessment for Tonsillitis
The main complaint : Pain in the throat, painful swallowing, fever etc.
History of present illness : an attack, characteristics, incidence, progression, therapeutic effect, etc.
Past medical history :
Birth history
Immunization history
Who had suffered disease (recurrent pharyngitis, respiratory infection, otitis media)
History of hospitalization
General assessment :
Age, level of consciousness, antopometri, vital signs, etc.
Breathing
Difficulty breathing, coughing
Nutrition : Sore throat, painful swallowing, decreased appetite, refusing to eat and drink, less turgor
Activity / rest : Appear weak, lethargic, irritable, malaise
Security / comfort : Anxiety of children to hospitalization
Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Intervention for Tonsillitis
Hyperthermia related to inflammatory processes in the pharynx and tonsils
Nursing Intervention :
Monitor the child's body temperature (degrees and patterns), note the presence of chills
Monitor the temperature of the environment
Limit the use of linen, clothing worn client
Give a warm compress
Give plenty of fluids (1500 - 2000 cc / day)
Collaboration of antipyretic
Pain related to swelling of the tonsils
Nursing Intervention :
Monitor the client's pain (scale, intensity, depth, frequency)
Assess vital signs
Provide a comfortable position
Give relaxation techniques with a long inhale through nose and release it slowly through mouth
Provide distraction techniques to divert the attention of child
Collaboration of analgesic
Source : http://blog-nursingcareplan.blogspot.com/2011/06/nursing-care-plan-for-tonsillitis.html
The main complaint : Pain in the throat, painful swallowing, fever etc.
History of present illness : an attack, characteristics, incidence, progression, therapeutic effect, etc.
Past medical history :
Birth history
Immunization history
Who had suffered disease (recurrent pharyngitis, respiratory infection, otitis media)
History of hospitalization
General assessment :
Age, level of consciousness, antopometri, vital signs, etc.
Breathing
Difficulty breathing, coughing
Nutrition : Sore throat, painful swallowing, decreased appetite, refusing to eat and drink, less turgor
Activity / rest : Appear weak, lethargic, irritable, malaise
Security / comfort : Anxiety of children to hospitalization
Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Intervention for Tonsillitis
Hyperthermia related to inflammatory processes in the pharynx and tonsils
Nursing Intervention :
Monitor the child's body temperature (degrees and patterns), note the presence of chills
Monitor the temperature of the environment
Limit the use of linen, clothing worn client
Give a warm compress
Give plenty of fluids (1500 - 2000 cc / day)
Collaboration of antipyretic
Pain related to swelling of the tonsils
Nursing Intervention :
Monitor the client's pain (scale, intensity, depth, frequency)
Assess vital signs
Provide a comfortable position
Give relaxation techniques with a long inhale through nose and release it slowly through mouth
Provide distraction techniques to divert the attention of child
Collaboration of analgesic
Source : http://blog-nursingcareplan.blogspot.com/2011/06/nursing-care-plan-for-tonsillitis.html
Saturday, March 4, 2017
Hypertension - 7 Tips for Lower Blood Pressure Naturally
High blood pressure (hypertension) can quietly damage your body for years before symptoms develop. Left uncontrolled, it can lead to a variety of health problems, such as arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), aneurysm, coronary artery disease, heart failure, kidney failure and stroke.
Blood pressure medications come in a wide range of formulas and dosages, each aimed at reducing the pressure going through the blood vessels either as the heart pumps blood or relaxes. Some medications strengthen the blood vessels while others thin the blood in an effort to reduce the strain.
Trial and error is usually a doctor's only course of action when determining which combination of drugs and treatments will benefit a specific patient. The problem with this approach is that dangerous side effects can often accompany the drugs. The drugs can also be quite expensive.
Lifestyle plays an important role in treating hypertension. If you successfully control your hypertension with healthy lifestyle changes, you may avoid, delay or reduce the need for drugs.
Here are 7 tips for lower blood pressure naturally:
1. Lose excess weight. Blood pressure often increases as weight increases. By reducing your weight by 10%, you can significantly lower blood pressure. In general, the more weight you lose, the lower your blood pressure.
2. Exercise regularly. Regular exercise can lower your blood pressure by 4 to 9 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), and it doesn't take long to see a difference. If you haven't been active, increasing your exercise level can lower your blood pressure within just a few weeks. If you have prehypertension, exercise can help you avoid developing full-blown hypertension. If you already have hypertension, regular exercise can bring your blood pressure down to safer levels.
3. Eat a healthy diet. Eating a diet that's rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and skimps on saturated fat and trans fat can lower your blood pressure by up to 14 mm Hg.
4. Reduce your sodium intake. On average, the higher a person's sodium intake, the higher a person's blood pressure. Most of the sodium in a person's diet comes from salt, so a low salt diet will keep sodium intake within a healthy range. Most healthy adults need only between 1,500 and 2,400 milligrams (mg) of sodium a day. But if you have hypertension, aim for less than 1,500 mg of sodium a day.
5. Drink plenty of water. Drinking plenty of water provides a multitude of health benefits, including removing toxins and waste products from the body. Drink plenty of water each day to flush out excess sodium and toxins that make their way into your bloodstream.
6. Avoid tobacco products and secondhand smoke. On top of all the other dangers of smoking, the nicotine in tobacco products can raise your blood pressure by 10 mm Hg or more for up to an hour after you smoke. Smoking throughout the day means your blood pressure may remain constantly high. If you can't quit smoking completely, then at least cut down. Even a 50% reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked each week can help lower the risk of hypertension.
7. Reduce your stress. Stress can temporarily increase blood pressure. Try exercising, listening to relaxing music, or meditating to take the edge off a stressful day. Make sure you take time each day to destress and relax.
Source : http://www.holistichealtharticles.com
Friday, March 3, 2017
Holistic Methods to Pain Management
The first night after I learned how to do Brain Wave Vibration, I practiced it to rid myself from pain. I was asleep in bed, and had a severe muscle cramp in my right quadricep. The cramp would not go away, so I thought about taking one of my leg cramp pills. Then I thought that if I continued to rely on the pills, I would essentially be a slave to the pills because I would be dependent on them. I decided to try Brain Wave Vibration to see if it would help make the pain go away. I sat on the edge of my bed and shook my head from side to side. At the same time I imagined the pain from my legs coming up through my body and then leaving my body as I exhaled. After about five minutes, my pain in both legs was gone, and I was able to go back to sleep. I felt elated that I was able to stop pain with such a simple procedure.
--Patrick Ruz, 53, Albuquerque, NMMichela Mangiaracina is an editor for the independent publishing company, BEST Life Media, as well as a certified Dahn Yoga and Brain Education Instructor. She studied Health Communication at Emerson College and has an undergraduate degree from Cornell University in neurobiology and behavior. BEST Life Media produces books, CDs, DVDs, and gift products designed to enhance your health, happiness, and peace so that you can live your best life.
Like Patrick, millions of people around the world suffer from pain, both occasional and chronic. His experience offers an example of how some pain can be dealt with on one's own without medication and its side effects. Some holistic healing methods of pain relief include herbal treatments, exercise, deep breathing techniques, self-hypnosis, acupuncture, music therapy, yoga, biofeedback, magnet therapy, massage, meditation, and relaxation therapy.
Research by
A recent method of pain management developed by Dahn Yoga and Brain Education founder Ilchi Lee gives practitioners this sense of control. It expands on the "shaking medicine" of shamans and the healing powers of meditation and music. Called Brain Wave Vibration, its simplest form involves shaking the head while focusing on the center of the head cavity. As tension in the head and neck relaxes, the vibrations created by the shaking travel down to the shoulders and then to the rest of the body. While moving their body, it's important for practitioners to follow their own internal, natural rhythm in order to create a stronger connection between mind and body.
It's often thought by many holistic healthcare providers that a strong mind-body connection helps natural healing to take place more readily in body and mind. In the case of Brain Wave Vibration, the vibrations created help reduce or eliminate mind chatter and increase focus like a moving meditation. With extraneous thoughts out of the way, the brain can better pay attention to the body.
Anecdotal evidence about Brain Wave Vibration has indicated that keeping a goal in one's mind while doing the technique helps with that goal's achievement. As Patrick Ruz demonstrated, focusing on the pain while keeping thoughts of healing in the mind and moving the body instinctively helps relieve or eliminate pain.
Besides eliminating pain, Brain Wave Vibration has the added benefit of lightening your mood, relaxing your body, and bringing you inner peace. Using that or other simple methods of pain management you can do on your own will enable you to take control of your pain and your health without as much reliance on medication.
by: Michela Mangiaracina
Thursday, March 2, 2017
Symptoms and Signs Associated With Headache
Headaches are usually not associated with important diseases. The characteristics, time of occurrence, location, and the symptoms and signs associated with headache show the origin of headaches. Ask targeted questions to clarify each of these characteristics.
Characteristics of headache caused by dilated blood vessels are pulsing. Tumors located in causing tenderness, deep, like a toothache. Neuralgia causes pain as tingling. Tension causes pain as feeling depressed or depressed circular ribbon. Also suggested the timing of a particular diagnosis. Usually, headaches that occur upon awakening is more important than if it does at night. Hypertension, sinusitis, and tumors cause headaches in the morning. Tension headaches and eye fatigue due to mild astigmatism is often worse in the afternoon and evening. The headaches that have suffered during the years bertanun most likely not related to the neoplasm.
Ask the patient to pinpoint the location of pain. Pain due to intracranial disease transferred in accordance with the location of the disease. The mass lesion above tentorium serebeli divert the pain into the branches of the fifth cranial nerve. The pain is felt in front of the ear. Lesions below the tentorium was transferred to a regional cranial nerve distribution to the nine and ten, behind the ear. Migraines are usually unilateral and are often preceded by an aura or warning signs, usually visual. Because of tension headache almost always occurs in the occipital region as it relates to muscular spasm paraspinosus neck. Frontal and maxillary sinus inflammation causing pain in the area of ??the sinuses. Pain may be transferred to the occiput when the sinus sfenoid.
The symptoms associated give important clues and sometimes only dimly. Nighttime cough and post nasal drip (post nasal drip) to strengthen the diagnosis of sinus disease. Morning headaches in men who experience chronic fatigue, obesity, and pletorik with disturbed sleep patterns and snoring loudly indicate the occurrence of sleep apnea and nighttime hypoxia as a cause of headache. Neurologic deficit or seizures lead to cerebrovascular disease or tumor.
Duralis arteries, the arteries at the base of the brain, and venous sinuses are large sensing spasm or pain that occurs when very swollen. Factors such as fever, retention of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, and hypoxia alter pembulun tonus of cerebral blood and can cause headaches. Inflammation of temporal arteries in temporal arteritis can cause headaches and myalgia in the shoulder area and the superior extremity.
Increased intracranial pressure stretch the lining of the brain as well as vascular structures. Pull or pressure on the lining of the brain may cause pain in patients with brain tumors. Coughing and straining further increase intracranial pressure and aggravate the pain on brain tumors because of increased intracranial pressure. Brain tumors also cause projectile vomiting. Typical of this particular type of vomiting is not related dengari vomit nausea, occur suddenly and cause the release of the contents of the stomach with great force.
Characteristics of headache caused by dilated blood vessels are pulsing. Tumors located in causing tenderness, deep, like a toothache. Neuralgia causes pain as tingling. Tension causes pain as feeling depressed or depressed circular ribbon. Also suggested the timing of a particular diagnosis. Usually, headaches that occur upon awakening is more important than if it does at night. Hypertension, sinusitis, and tumors cause headaches in the morning. Tension headaches and eye fatigue due to mild astigmatism is often worse in the afternoon and evening. The headaches that have suffered during the years bertanun most likely not related to the neoplasm.
Ask the patient to pinpoint the location of pain. Pain due to intracranial disease transferred in accordance with the location of the disease. The mass lesion above tentorium serebeli divert the pain into the branches of the fifth cranial nerve. The pain is felt in front of the ear. Lesions below the tentorium was transferred to a regional cranial nerve distribution to the nine and ten, behind the ear. Migraines are usually unilateral and are often preceded by an aura or warning signs, usually visual. Because of tension headache almost always occurs in the occipital region as it relates to muscular spasm paraspinosus neck. Frontal and maxillary sinus inflammation causing pain in the area of ??the sinuses. Pain may be transferred to the occiput when the sinus sfenoid.
The symptoms associated give important clues and sometimes only dimly. Nighttime cough and post nasal drip (post nasal drip) to strengthen the diagnosis of sinus disease. Morning headaches in men who experience chronic fatigue, obesity, and pletorik with disturbed sleep patterns and snoring loudly indicate the occurrence of sleep apnea and nighttime hypoxia as a cause of headache. Neurologic deficit or seizures lead to cerebrovascular disease or tumor.
Duralis arteries, the arteries at the base of the brain, and venous sinuses are large sensing spasm or pain that occurs when very swollen. Factors such as fever, retention of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, and hypoxia alter pembulun tonus of cerebral blood and can cause headaches. Inflammation of temporal arteries in temporal arteritis can cause headaches and myalgia in the shoulder area and the superior extremity.
Increased intracranial pressure stretch the lining of the brain as well as vascular structures. Pull or pressure on the lining of the brain may cause pain in patients with brain tumors. Coughing and straining further increase intracranial pressure and aggravate the pain on brain tumors because of increased intracranial pressure. Brain tumors also cause projectile vomiting. Typical of this particular type of vomiting is not related dengari vomit nausea, occur suddenly and cause the release of the contents of the stomach with great force.
Wednesday, March 1, 2017
Actions That Can Be Done To Prevent Impetigo
Impetigo is a contagious skin infection that usually produces blisters or sores on the face, neck, hands, and diaper area is one of the most common skin infections among kids.
It is generally caused by one of two bacteria: staphylococcus aureus or group A streptococcus. Impetigo usually affects preschool and school-age children. A child may be more likely to develop impetigo if the skin has already been irritated by other skin problems, such as eczema, poison ivy, and insect bites.
Actions that can be done to prevent impetigo include:
(Source: Northern Kentucky Health Department, 1:2005).
It is generally caused by one of two bacteria: staphylococcus aureus or group A streptococcus. Impetigo usually affects preschool and school-age children. A child may be more likely to develop impetigo if the skin has already been irritated by other skin problems, such as eczema, poison ivy, and insect bites.
Actions that can be done to prevent impetigo include:
- Wash hands immediately by using the water flow when discharged patient contact, especially when exposed to injury.
- Do not use the same clothes with the patient.
- Clean up and do the disinfectant on the toys that might infect another person, after use of the patient.
- Bathe regularly with soap and water (an antiseptic soap may be used, but can irritate skin in some people with sensitive skin)
- Good hygiene, including washing hands regularly, keep your fingernails short and clean.
- Keep away from people with impetigo.
- Wash clothing, towels and bed linen from children with impetigo separate from the others. Wash with hot water and dry in the sun or a hot dryer. Toys that are used can be washed with disinfectant.
- Use gloves when applying topical antibiotics in the infected site and wash hands afterwards.
(Source: Northern Kentucky Health Department, 1:2005).
Tuesday, February 28, 2017
9 Theories of Causes of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a syndrome with a description of the causes of variation (many not yet known) and the course of the disease (not necessarily chronic or deteriorating) wide, and some of the consequences that depend on consideration of the influence of genetic, physical and social culture.
Theories of Causes of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a syndrome with a description of the causes of variation (many not yet known) and the course of the disease (not necessarily chronic or deteriorating) wide, and some of the consequences that depend on consideration of the influence of genetic, physical and social culture.
Causes of Schizophrenia
1. Descent
It has been proven by research that the morbidity for the half-brother from 0.9 to 1.8%, 7-15% for siblings, for children with one parent who suffered from Schizophrenia 40-68%, 2-15% twins and 2 eggs one egg twins 61-86% (Maramis, 1998; 215).
2. Endocrine
This theory often put forward in connection with the onset of schizophrenia at the time of puberty, pregnancy or puerperium time and time klimakterium., But this theory can not be proven.
3. Metabolism
This theory is based because of Schizophrenia patients appear pale, unhealthy, somewhat tip extremitas cyanosis, decreased appetite and weight loss as well as in patients with catatonic stupor decreased oxygen consumption. This hypothesis is still in evidence with the hallucinogenic drug delivery.
4. Central nervous system
Causes of Schizophrenia directed at the CNS abnormalities in diensefalon or cortex of the brain, but the pathological abnormalities found may be due to postmortem changes or an artifact at the time to make preparations.
5. Theory of Adolf Meyer
Schizophrenia is not caused by physical illness because until now did not match the pathological anatomical or physiological abnormalities characteristic of the CNS but Meyer acknowledged that a constitution of an inferior or physical illness can affect the onset of Schizophrenia. According to Meyer Schizophrenia is a wrong reaction, a maladaptasi, causing disorganization of personality and over time people are distancing themselves from reality (otisme).
6. Sigmund Freud’s theory
Schizophrenia are (1) ego weakness, which may arise due to somatic or psychogenic causes (2) be set aside so as not powerful superego and the id of the ruling again and there was a regression to a phase of narcissism and (3) lose the capacity to transfer (transference) that psychoanalytic therapy is not possible.
7. Eugen Bleuler
Schizophrenia term use of highlighting the main symptoms of this disease is the divided soul, the existence of cracks or disharmony between the process of thinking, feeling and action. Schizophrenia symptoms Bleuler divided into 2 groups: primary symptoms (impaired thought processes, emotional disturbances, impaired volition and otisme) secondary symptoms (delusions, hallucinations and catatonic symptoms or other psychomotor disturbances).
8. Another theory
Schizophrenia as a syndrome that can be caused by various reasons such as heredity, education is wrong, maladaptasi, mental stress, physical illnesses such as brain Lues, atherosclerosis and other diseases of the brain are unknown.
9. Summary
Hitherto unknown underlying cause of Schizophrenia. It could be argued that hereditary factors have an influence. Factors that speed, which makes manifest or precipitating factors (presipitating factors) such as physical illness or psychological stress, usually does not cause schizophrenia, although its effect on Schizophrenia is a disease that already exist can not be denied. (Maramis, 1998; 218).
Theories of Causes of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a syndrome with a description of the causes of variation (many not yet known) and the course of the disease (not necessarily chronic or deteriorating) wide, and some of the consequences that depend on consideration of the influence of genetic, physical and social culture.
Causes of Schizophrenia
1. Descent
It has been proven by research that the morbidity for the half-brother from 0.9 to 1.8%, 7-15% for siblings, for children with one parent who suffered from Schizophrenia 40-68%, 2-15% twins and 2 eggs one egg twins 61-86% (Maramis, 1998; 215).
2. Endocrine
This theory often put forward in connection with the onset of schizophrenia at the time of puberty, pregnancy or puerperium time and time klimakterium., But this theory can not be proven.
3. Metabolism
This theory is based because of Schizophrenia patients appear pale, unhealthy, somewhat tip extremitas cyanosis, decreased appetite and weight loss as well as in patients with catatonic stupor decreased oxygen consumption. This hypothesis is still in evidence with the hallucinogenic drug delivery.
4. Central nervous system
Causes of Schizophrenia directed at the CNS abnormalities in diensefalon or cortex of the brain, but the pathological abnormalities found may be due to postmortem changes or an artifact at the time to make preparations.
5. Theory of Adolf Meyer
Schizophrenia is not caused by physical illness because until now did not match the pathological anatomical or physiological abnormalities characteristic of the CNS but Meyer acknowledged that a constitution of an inferior or physical illness can affect the onset of Schizophrenia. According to Meyer Schizophrenia is a wrong reaction, a maladaptasi, causing disorganization of personality and over time people are distancing themselves from reality (otisme).
6. Sigmund Freud’s theory
Schizophrenia are (1) ego weakness, which may arise due to somatic or psychogenic causes (2) be set aside so as not powerful superego and the id of the ruling again and there was a regression to a phase of narcissism and (3) lose the capacity to transfer (transference) that psychoanalytic therapy is not possible.
7. Eugen Bleuler
Schizophrenia term use of highlighting the main symptoms of this disease is the divided soul, the existence of cracks or disharmony between the process of thinking, feeling and action. Schizophrenia symptoms Bleuler divided into 2 groups: primary symptoms (impaired thought processes, emotional disturbances, impaired volition and otisme) secondary symptoms (delusions, hallucinations and catatonic symptoms or other psychomotor disturbances).
8. Another theory
Schizophrenia as a syndrome that can be caused by various reasons such as heredity, education is wrong, maladaptasi, mental stress, physical illnesses such as brain Lues, atherosclerosis and other diseases of the brain are unknown.
9. Summary
Hitherto unknown underlying cause of Schizophrenia. It could be argued that hereditary factors have an influence. Factors that speed, which makes manifest or precipitating factors (presipitating factors) such as physical illness or psychological stress, usually does not cause schizophrenia, although its effect on Schizophrenia is a disease that already exist can not be denied. (Maramis, 1998; 218).
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